As there are more and more types of wireless communication technologies, there are more and more choices for customer, but different communication technologies have different characteristics, and we will choose suitable solutions according to the characteristics.

Common wireless communication technologies:

  • Bluetooth
  • Wi-Fi
  • Technology based on IEEE 802.15.4 (Benang, Zigbee)
  • Z-Wave
  • Cellular low-power wide area network technology (NB-IoT, LTE-M)
  • Non-cellular low-power wide area network technology (LoRaWAN, Sigfox)

Bluetooth

Bluetooth wireless communication technologies is a low-power wireless solution operating on the 2.4 GHZ ISM Frekuensi Band. Selama bertahun -tahun, Teknologi Bluetooth terus berkembang, and now has great flexibility in terms of distance, jalur lebar, and communication topology to meet the needs of different IoT applications.

Bluetooth echnical details:

Pada masa ini terdapat dua pilihan radio Bluetooth yang berbeza: Bluetooth Classic andModul Tenaga Rendah Bluetooth (Bluetooth le). Bluetooth klasik (atau BR/EDR), radio bluetooth asal, masih digunakan secara meluas dalam aplikasi streaming, especially audio streaming. Bluetooth Low Energy is mainly used for low-bandwidth applications where data is frequently transmitted between devices. Tenaga rendah Bluetooth dikenali dengan penggunaan kuasa yang sangat rendah dan popularitinya dalam telefon pintar, tablet dan komputer peribadi.

Tenaga rendah Bluetooth dibahagikan kepada titik ke titik, Star Topology, mesh Topology and broadcast topologies. Dalam topologi mesh, nodes are directly connected without communicating with other nodes through the hub. Nod boleh menghantar data dan maklumat ke nod lain di luar julat komunikasi nod sumber asal, expanding the network coverage in a large area. Related Bluetooth products：Silicon Labs Bluetooth Module SIG MESH | FSC-BT671

Wi-Fi teknologi

Wi-Fi wireless communication technologies is the brand name of all IEEE 802.11 rangkaian kawasan tempatan tanpa wayar standard (WLAN). Band frekuensi kerja wi-fi biasanya 2.4 GHz dan 5 GHZ ISM, Tetapi versi baru Wi-Fi juga menggunakan jalur frekuensi lain.

Wi-Fi technical details

Terdapat banyak versi Wi-Fi. Perikatan Wi-Fi baru-baru ini mengguna pakai sistem penomboran versi baru: Wi-Fi 1 (802.11b), Wi-Fi 2 (802.11a), Wi-Fi 3 (802.11g), Wi-Fi 4 (802.11n), Wi -fi 5 (802.11ac) dan Wi-Fi 6 (802.11kapak). Versi terkini dapat memenuhi keperluan pelbagai aplikasi, including longer distances, lekapan yang lebih tinggi dan liputan yang lebih besar. The most popular Wi-Fi topology is the star topology. Tetapi dalam topologi bintang, nod hanya boleh berkomunikasi antara satu sama lain melalui hab.

Benang, Zigbee

IEEE 802.15.4 technology refers to the low-speed wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN) access layer.

Benang, Zigbee Butiran Teknikal:

Thread and Zigbee wireless communication technologies are two technologies based on this specification. They are characterized by low power consumption and low data rate. IEEE 802.15.4 is mainly used in application scenarios where data is small, distance is short, and low power consumption is required at the same time. Although this technology also supports star topology, the most commonly used is mesh topology.

Z-Wave

Z-Wave wireless communication technologies was originally a lighting system control protocol, and later evolved into a home automation protocol managed by the Z-Wave Alliance.

Z-Wave Butiran Teknikal

This proprietary technology uses 908/915 MHz in the US and 868 MHz in Europe. The different frequency bands are to avoid interference with the 2.4 GHz ISM band and expand coverage. This technology mainly uses a mesh topology. This technology is mainly used in smart home scenarios.

NB-IoT, LTE-M

LTE-M (LTE Cat-M1 or Long-Term Evolution for Machines) and NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) are both technical standards developed by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), and are used for cellular devices.

These two technologies will coexist with other 5G technologies and are expected to become part of a long-term 5G IoT strategy. 5G is the general term for the fifth-generation cellular mobile communication technology, representing a high-speed network of 2 Gbps (it can even reach 100 Gbps in the future). 5G technology will reduce network latency and expand coverage (in terms of the number of devices connected to the network at the same time).

NB-IoT, LTE-M Butiran Teknikal

LTE-M and NB-IoT Wireless communication technologies are different in characteristics, so the suitable application scenarios are also different. NB-IoT is best suited for simple applications that require low power consumption and low bandwidth, while LTE-M is best suited for real-time and mission-critical applications due to its higher data rate. The main difference between the two is speed and delay (LTE-M has higher speed and lower delay).

NB-IoT and LTE-M mainly adopt star topology structure.

LoRaWAN, Sigfox

LoRaWAN is an open source wireless network protocol maintained by the LoRa Alliance. LoRaWAN is built on the basis of LoRa, which is a proprietary modulation format developed by Semtech.

LoRaWAN, Sigfox Butiran Teknikal:

LoRa only defines the lower layers of the network stack, while LoRaWAN defines the higher layers of the network stack. LoRaWAN is just one of many protocols built on LoRa. LoRaWAN is classified as a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) teknologi, which can achieve remote communication between devices with low power consumption.

Sigfox is also an LPWAN technology, but it is a proprietary technology provided by the French company Sigfox. The company is the only network operator of this technology.

Comparison of wireless data transfer module technologies

wireless communication technologies Comparison
Comparison of wireless data transfer module technologies